What Are the Gravesite Rules in Reading Massachusetts
Word stress in English
SIX Basic RULES of give-and-take stress
Correctly place the tonic accent on multi-syllable words in English.
At present WITH Sound. ►: Click to open/close sound player
These rules practice not cover all the aspects of word stress in English; just they do comprehend the big bulk of plurisyllabic words in the language.
Should you say: difficult or difficult or difficult ? And why?
Give-and-take stress in English can seem to be a very complicated issue. Where do we put the accent on multi-syllable words in English language? Native English speakers don't ofttimes brand mistakes, but they never learn any rules! Obviously therefore there must be some adequately simple basic "rules" that apply . These use to both British and American forms of spoken English language.
The six essential rules of word stress or accentuation in English.
1. A give-and-take is unremarkably stressed on the first syllable, unless there is a reason to put the stress somewhere else.
2.The "reasons" are either suffixes (similar -ity or -ion) or prefixes (like con-, dis-, ex- or in-).
Suffixes
iii. The "-ion" rule: strong endings. This rule takes priority over all other rules.
Well it'southward not quite an "iron rule", but it is the most important rule of word stress in English. If the suffix (ending) starts with the letters i or u , as with the common ending -ion, this
will determine the position of stress in a give-and-take. [Exceptions: the endings -ist, -ism, -ize and -ing.]
Sample suffixes: -ion, -ual, -uous, -ial, -ient, -ious, -ior, -ic, -ity, etc.
The stress comes on the syllable before the suffix.
Examples: Atlantic, comic, sufficient, relation, explanation, residual.
There are only a very few exceptions to this rule.
4. Other suffixes, known equally weak endings, practise not touch the stress of a word. Sample suffixes: -al, -ous, -ly, -er, -ed, -ist, -ing, -ism, -ment etc.
Examples: Permanent,permanently, develop, development
Special case: adding the endings -al or -ary to words ending in -ment.
-al and -ary comport as strong endings when added to words catastrophe in -ment, and then we say government but governmental, parliament simply parliamentary,department but departmental.
Prefixes
Words beginning with: a- ab- be- con- com- de- dis- e- ex- in- im- per- pre- and re, except for those whose stressed syllable is determined past rule 3 above.
Unless the presence of a suffix means that rule three must exist applied, rules five and half dozen apply.
five. ► Prefixes in two-syllable words are not normally stressed except in some nouns or adjectives.
Two-syllableverbs starting with a prefix are almost all stressed on the second syllable.
Examples - To address, to become, to complete, to contrast, to discuss, to export to improve, to present
Two-syllable nouns and adjectives starting with a prefix need to be learned individually.
Examples -
Adjectives and nouns stressed on the prefix: Absent, complex,distant, an 'expert, a contract, a permit, a restring,
Adjectives and nouns not stressed on the prefix: extreme, concise a report, an express, dismay
In many cases, such every bit to export / an export, or to conflict / a conflict, verb and substantive are distinguished by being stressed differently. Just unfortunately this is non ever the case, as in to report / a report , to design / a design.
This is why all such words need to be learned individually (and also why even native English language speakers sometimes make mistakes! )
6.► Prefixes in three-syllable words.
Prefixes are usually stressed in three-syllable nouns and adjectives,
They are
stressed in verbs, which need to exist learned individually
Examples nouns and adjectives : Air-conditioningcident, confident, decadent,exercise, infamous, incident,permanent;
Examples verbs : to consider, to envisage only to complicate, to 'indicate
Useful note: All iii syllable verbs ending in -ate are stressed on the outset syllable.... and never on the ate syllable.
Examples: to indicate, indicated, to conjugate, conjugating, to complicate complicated
Rule three takes priority over all others, notably when a "rule 3 ending" is followed by a "rule 4 ending",
Examples : perpetually, deliciously, conditional, conditioner, illusionist.
Or when a rule 3 ending is added to a two-syllable word stressed on the beginning syllable,
Examples : complex > complex ity, contract, > contractual
And for information, a 7th principle, concerning words with four syllables.
The stress pattern of most four-syllable words in English will be adamant by one of the rules above, frequently dominion 3. But if no prefix or suffix rule applies, the norm is that a four syllable word will be stressed on the 2nd syllable. This is notably the general rule with words starting time with "Greek" or "Latin" morphemes,
Examples: analysis, anaesthetist, circumference, diameter, ecology, geographer, parameter, paralysis, phenomenal, philosophy, phonology, psychiatrist,
But take intendance: at that place are plenty of exceptions to this principle, and information technology is best to bank check the pronunciation of any long words that do non include recognisable prefixes or suffixes, using a good dictionary.
This list of rules is not complete, but it does explain where to place the main accent in the bulk of words in English.
Generally speaking, these rules are very like shooting fish in a barrel to employ. At that place are however some discussion families where it is necessary to take care. The archetype example of this is the family of words based on the root noun nation. The primary stress will be on different syllables depending on the manner the word ends; what is of import to remember, however, is that the rules above apply in each case.
nation,national,nationally, nationalise,nationalising, nationalist, international
nationality
nationalistic
nationalisation
Test yourself
Can you situate the tonic syllable (main stress) in these words which all obey the rules?
Britain, England, Edinburgh, region, regional, economical, to mutter, community, to decline, considering.
Click to testify answers
Britain, Engstate, Edinburgh, region, regional, economic, to complain, community, to refuse, considering.
Source: https://linguapress.com/grammar/word-stress.htm
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